Shells of marine gastropods from hydrothermal vent environments are coated with inorganic materials of unknown composition. Conversely, their fossil equivalents are known exclusively from outer moulds in pyrite (FeS2), with no shell material left.
Methane (CH4) is largely built from the light carbon isotope (12C). When emitted from the seabed, methane is oxidized by sediment-dwelling microorganisms, with one of the byproducts being methanogenic carbonate cements, themselves with large amounts of the 12C.
Ammonites, extinct cephalopods dominant in Mesozoic marine ecosystems, are often listed amongst victims of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Ma). Claims of their local survival across the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary have faced scepticism from parts of the palaeontological community.
Spirotubus are puzzling microfossils from southern Poland, dating from the Devonian period, around 380 million years ago. The Spirotubus skeletons are tiny calcareous (calcitic) tubes with a spiral pattern on their outer surface.
The article presents an overview of marine environments that existed in the area of present-day Poland around 380–360 million years ago, during the Devonian period, when this region was covered by an extensive shallow and warm sea. This sea was oversaturated with calcium, a component of the common biomineral calcite.
We use cookies to make it easier for users to navigate the website. Cookies also allow us to create anonymous website statistics. If you do not block cookies, you agree to their usage and saving to your device's memory. You can change your browser settings to disable cookies.
Korzystamy z plików cookies, by ułatwić użytkownikom poruszanie się po serwisie. Ciasteczka pozwalają nam także tworzyć anonimowe statystyki serwisu. Jeżeli nie blokujesz plików cookies, to zgadzasz się na ich używanie i zapisanie w pamięci twojego urządzenia. Możesz zmienić ustawienia przeglądarki, żeby wyłączyć zapisywanie ciasteczek.
Protects against cross-site request forgery attacks.
Retention period: This cookie will only remain for the current browser session.
Technical name: csrf_https-contao_csrf_token
Saves the current PHP session.
Retention period: This cookie will only remain for the current browser session.